1 . ʻO Wʻōpala wela

I ka wā pua a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka palaoa, i ka wāisʻo ka ʻōpua a me ka ua, nui ka nui o nā maʻi maʻi i ka lewa, a hiki mai nā maʻi.

Hiki ke poino i ka palaoai loko o ka manawamai ka hua a hiki i ke poʻo, e hoʻopōʻino ai i ke kumulāʻau, ka pala o ke kumu, ka pala a me ka pala pepeiao, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pōʻino nui loa o ka pala pepeiao.

Loaʻa i nā hua palaoa e lawe ana i nā maʻi scab i nā toxins, hiki ke hoʻomake i ke kanaka a me nā holoholona, ​​ka luaʻi ʻana, ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka noʻonoʻo, etc.

 

Lapaʻau kemika:

Carbendazim a me thiophanate-methylloaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka pehu palaoa.

2. Wpauda wela wela

I ka hoomaka ana, ʻike ʻia nā kiko popopo keʻokeʻo ma nā lau. A laila, hoʻonui mālie ʻo ia i kahi kokoke poepoe a hiki i ka oval keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe wahi, a aia kahi papa o ka pauka keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka ʻili o ka malū. I ka pae hope, lilo nā kiko i keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ʻeleʻele māmā, me ka ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻikikoma kamaʻi kiko.

 

Fungicide kūpono:

ʻO Triazole (triazolone, propiconazole, pentazolol, etc.). Maikaʻi ka hopena, akā ʻaʻole paʻa, aithiki ke hoʻohanai ka wā mua a i ʻole no ka pale ʻana.

ʻO Azoxystrobina me Pyraclostrobin kekahimaikaʻi loaka hopena i ka pale ʻana i ka pauka.

 

3. ʻO Wʻōpala wela

ʻEhu palaoapinepinehiki maisma nā lau, nā pū, nā ʻōpala a me nā pepeiao. ʻIke ʻia nā puʻupuʻu uredospore melemele ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha ma nā lau maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​kumu.alailaʻeleʻele nā ​​puʻu spore. Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka palaoa, ka mea e ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka palaoa a hoʻemi i ka hua o ka palaoa.

 

Fungicide kūpono:

Hiki iā ʻoe ke kohoʻO Azoxystrobin,Tebuconazole, Difenoconazole, Epoxiconazole a i ʻole ke ʻano paʻakikī o kēia mau mea hana.

4. He palapala lau o ka palaoa

Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia nā lau a me nā lau lau. I ka wā mua, ʻike ʻia nā wahi liʻiliʻi oval melemele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ma nā lau. A laila, nui aʻe nā pāpaʻi a lilo i mau papa nui melemele-keʻokeʻo a i ʻole melemele-ʻeleʻele.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻomaka ka maʻi mai nā lau lalo a ulu mālie i luna. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, huli nā lau o ka mea kanu a pau i ka melemele a make.

 

Fungicide kūpono:

Hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i ka Hexaconazole, Tebuconazole, Difenoconazole, Thiophanate-methyl a i ʻole ke ʻano paʻakikī o kēia mau mea hana.

5. ʻO Wʻāhu wela

I ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka maʻi, aia kahi kiʻi hina ma waho o ka pepeiao, piha i ka paukaʻeleʻele. Ma hope o ke poʻo, ua haki ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni a lele ka pauda ʻeleʻele.

 

Fungicide kūpono:

Hiki iā ʻoe ke kohoEpoxiconazole, Tebuconazole, Difenoconazole, Triadimenol

6. Root rotof flax

Loaʻa nā hōʻailona like ʻole o ka maʻi ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. Ma nā wahi maloʻo a semi-arid, ʻo ka maʻi ke kumu pinepine i ka pala kumu a me ka pala o ke aʻa; ma na wahi ua,eia kekahiʻo nā hōʻailona ma luna, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e mae ai ka lau a me ke kumu.

Kāohi:

(1) E koho i nā ʻano ʻano kūʻē i ka maʻi a pale i ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻano mea hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

(2) E hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokele mahiʻai. ʻO ke kī o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka pala aʻa i ka wā kanu, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻoki mau ʻia ka māla palaoa, a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia me nā mea kanu e like me ke olonā, uala, rapeseed a me nā mea kanu leguminous.

(3) Hoʻomoʻa i ka hua i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Me ka tuzet, e hoʻoulu i nā hua no 24 a 36 mau hola, a ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka mana ma mua o 80%.

(4) Ka hoʻopāpā ʻana

No ka manawa mua, ua kāpī ʻia ka propiconazole a i ʻole thiram wettable powder i ka wā pua o ka palaoa,

No ka lua o ka manawa, ua kāpī ʻia ka thiram mai ke kahua hoʻopiha palaoa a hiki i ka wā mua o ka oʻo ʻana o ka waiū, me ka manawa o 15 mau lā. A i ʻole triadimefon hiki ke hoʻomalu pono i ka maʻi.