Nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino
Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka maʻi pala i nā lāʻau hua ʻoi aku ma mua o 6 mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻi pala. Hoʻopilikia nui ka maʻi i ke kumu a me nā lālā nui. ʻEkolu mau ʻano maʻamau:
(1) ʻAno maʻi ʻeha hohonu: ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele i ka wai, hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā wahi maʻi a puni i ka oblong ma nā kumu lāʻau, nā lālā a me ka ʻili. ʻO ke ʻano o ka maʻi punawai he palupalu, maʻalahi ke haehae, ke kaumaha o ka lima, a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka wai ʻeleʻele melemele, me ka ʻono lees. I ke kauwela, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, ua emi ka kiko, ua māwae ka lihi, a ulu ka ʻili i nā wahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. Ke pulu, hoʻopuka nā wahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi i nā ʻili gula.
(2) Ke ʻano maʻi ʻeha o ka ʻili: ʻike nui ʻia i ke kauwela, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi, aia nā wahi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma ka cortex. ʻAʻole maʻemaʻe ka ʻaoʻao, maʻamau 2 a 3 mau kenimika ka hohonu, ʻo ka nui o ke kui a hiki i mau kenimika kenimika, me ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi plaque e hoʻonui mālie ʻia, ʻike ʻia ka pala. I ka wā hope o ka maʻi, ua maloʻo ka wahi a ua emi i loko o ke ʻano keke. Hoʻoulu ka ʻula i ka hopena o ka hāʻule.
(3) ʻO ke ʻano o ka lālā: ʻike nui ʻia i ka 2 a 5 mau makahiki o ka lālā nui, ka wā mua o ka maʻi, ʻaʻole maopopo ka ʻaoʻao o ka lālā i nā kiko hina hina, ʻaʻole piʻi ka wahi, ʻaʻole hōʻike i nā ʻili wai, me ka ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi, ka wahi a puni ke kumu ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, ka hopena i ka wahi ma luna o ka nalowale wai a maloʻo, i nā kūlana pulu o kahi kikoʻī ʻeleʻele.
Ka lula
ʻO ka maʻi bacteria pathogenic e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi pala lāʻau hua i kapa ʻia ʻo apple melanoderma, nona ka ascomyces subphylum fungi. Hoʻokumu ka ascus i ka hāʻule. Ascospore kala ʻole, hoʻokahi cell. Ua kapa ʻia ka hanauna asexual ʻo Musa sinensis, nona ka subphylum mycetosis. Hana ʻia ka conidium ma lalo o ka ʻili. ʻO ka hoʻoilo i ka ʻiʻo maʻi me ka mycelium a me nā kino hua ʻai ʻole. Hoʻomaka ka maʻi ma ʻApelila o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, i ka wā i ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o 10 ℃ a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa pili ma luna o 60%, hoʻomaka ka maʻi e kū mai, i ka wā o ka mahana he 24 ~ 28 ℃ a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa pili ma luna o 90%, conidial horn hiki ke hana i loko o 2 hola. Loaʻa ka maʻi i ʻelua manawa kiʻekiʻe o ka makahiki. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma Malaki a ʻApelila a me ʻAukake a Kepakemapa, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka puna ma mua o ka hāʻule. Ke ikaika ka lāʻau a maikaʻi ke kūlana meaʻai, maʻalahi ka maʻi. Ke nāwaliwali ka lāʻau, nele i ka fertilizer maloʻo, hua nui, maʻi nui.
Introduction to Pharmacy
ʻO kēia agenatebuconazolee, ʻo ia ka triazole fungicide, ka mea nui e kāohi i ka demethylation o ergosterol ma ka membrane cell o nā bacteria pathogenic, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka pathogen ke hana i kahi membrane cell, a laila pepehi i ka bacteria pathogenic. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka laulā bactericidal spectrum, ka hopena lōʻihi a me ka absorption systemic maikaʻi. Loaʻa iā ia nā hana o ka pale, ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā maʻi, a hiki ke pale i ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka ua a me ka bacteria, a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻōla ʻana o nā ʻeha a me nā ʻoki.
hiʻona nui
(1) Laulā bactericidal spectrum:ʻO TebuconazoleʻAʻole hiki ke pale wale a mālama i ka pala, akā, e pale a mālama i nā maʻi like ʻole e like me ka lau lau, kahi ʻeleʻele, pauka lepo, maʻi apo, pear scab, grape white rot a pēlā aku.
(2) ʻO ka conductivity systemic maikaʻi:ʻO Tebuconazolehiki ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia e nā rhizomes, nā lau a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o nā mea kanu, a hoʻoili ʻia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka mea kanu ma o ka phloem e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi āpau.
(3) Ka hopena lōʻihi: Ma hopetebuconazoleHoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻōpala a me nā lau, hiki ke noho i nā mea kanu no ka manawa lōʻihi e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka pepehi mau ʻana i nā germs. ʻO ka mea nui, hoʻohana ʻia ka paʻi no ka hamo ʻana, a ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hamo ʻia ma nā lesions he papa o ka lāʻau lapaʻau kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻaʻole e hāʻule, kū i ka lā, ua a me ka ea oxidation, a hiki ke pāʻani mau i ka pale a me ka hopena therapeutic o ka lāʻau i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki. Hiki ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 1 makahiki, hiki ke hoʻemi nui i ka pinepine o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke kumukūʻai o ka lāʻau.
（4）Ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana:ʻO TebuconazoleLoaʻa iā ia nā hana o ka pale ʻana, ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana, a he hopena maikaʻi ka pepehi ʻana i ka maʻi bacteria ma ka ʻili o nā lesions a me ka bacteria i loko, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomalu.
Nā mea kanu kūpono
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hoʻohana ma nā kumulāʻau like ʻole e like me nā ʻāpala, walnuts, peaches, cherries, pears, crabapples, hawthorns, poplars a me nā willows.
mea e pale ai
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e pale a hoʻōla i ka pala, canker, ring disease, gum flow, bark flow, etc.
Nā hana pale a hoʻomalu
(1) Hoʻokele ʻepekema: ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiki o ka lāʻau a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi lāʻau ʻo ia ke ana kumu e pale ai a mālama i ka pala lāʻau ʻāpala. E hana maikaʻi i nā pua nani a me nā huaʻai, ka ukana kūpono, pale i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka makahiki liʻiliʻi, hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea kanu organik, ka hoʻoinu wai ʻana i ka manawa, pale i ka wā kahiko o nā hua lāʻau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke pale pono i ka hiki ʻana o ka maʻi pala.
(2) Ka mālama lāʻau lapaʻau: ʻO ka mālama lāʻau lapaʻau ke ala hoʻomalu maikaʻi loa, a maikaʻi loa nā mea hana no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka pala. Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ʻo ka pentazolol ka hopena maikaʻi loa a me ka mālama ʻana.ʻO TebuconazoleHe ikaika ka permeability, maikaʻi ka absorption kūloko, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻōpala a me nā lau, a alakaʻi ʻia i loko o ke kino, ma o ka xylem e hoʻoili i ka mea hana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka lāʻau hua. Loaʻa iā ia ka hopena o ka pale, mālama a hoʻopau i ka maʻi pala, a lōʻihi ka hopena, a pono e hoʻohana ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-31-2023
